Variation and Race

1. Select only ONE of the following environmental stresses:

(a) heat, (b) high levels of solar radiation, (c) cold, or (d) high altitude.

Discuss specifically how this environmental stress negatively impacts the survival of humans by disturbing homeostasis.(5 pts)

            Out of the four options of environmental stresses to choose from, I chose high levels of solar radiation. High levels of solar radiation negatively impacts the survival of humans by disturbing homeostasis because they affect the Melanin which is located in the epidermis.

2. Identify 4 ways in which humans have adapted to this stress, choosing one specific adaptation from each of the different types of adaptations listed above (short term, facultative, developmental and cultural). Include images of the adaptations.(5 pts each/ 20 pts total)

            I don’t believe humans have no short term adaptions from high levels of radiation. The only thing I can think of is when a human stays out of the sun to avoid the sun which produces the radiation.

            A facultative adaption would be the tanning of skin. In the summer people tend to be darker, and in the winter they tend to lose this “color”. This is because of environmental stress. In the summer time humans expose themselves to more radiation than they do in the winter, due to the fact that individuals are exposing themselves more in the summer their bodies produce a natural sunscreen which protects us until the environmental stressor goes away. This explains why we tend to be darker in the summer and lighter in the winter.

            Developments adaptions would be found in darker populations. Individuals who live where they are exposed to higher rays, need the dark skin. The individuals with darker skin can tolerate higher levels of radiation better.

            Cultural adaptions would be the clothing we wear, the sunscreen we put on, and the items we made to protect ourselves from the radiation. We have developed clothing which can block the rays from reaching our skin. We have developed sunscreen to be able to go into the sun with protection. Last but not least we have developed items to block the radiation such as umbrellas. 

 

 

 

           

3. What are the benefits of studying human variation from this perspective across environmental clines? Can information from explorations like this be useful to help us in any way? Offer one example of how this information can be used in a productive way. (5 pts)

            Some benefits would be that we can learn where we have come from and how much we have adapted. Humans live all over the world and we can see why individuals who live by the beach are darker than the people who live in Alaska, and what the actual purpose of being “tan” is. Yes this information can be helpful to us, one example would be vitamin D and skin cancer. This information is good to know because we can determine how much radiation is good because humans need vitamin D, however too much can be cancerous and can lead to death. 

 

4. How would you use race to understand the variation of the adaptations you listed in #2? Explain why the study of environmental influences on adaptations is a better way to understand human variation than by the use of race.

(10pts)

            Race could be used to understand the variation of adaptions listed in #2 because of the skin color. Skin color is a form of adaption, individuals with darker skin can withstand more radiation therefore we can determine they live or lived somewhere with high levels of radiation. The study of environmental influences on adaptions is a better way to understand human variation because the color of our skin is adaption to an environmental stressor rather than a form of inferiority. Each human is different and just as pbs.org stated, “not one characteristic, trait or gene distinguishes all members of one so called from all members of another so called race.”

 

Body Language

Part 1:

You were asked to engage in a conversation for 15 minutes where you were not allowed to use any version of a symbolic language (no speaking, writing, or ASL).

·         Did you find this experiment difficult or easy? Explain.

      I actually found this assignment to be very difficult. When I read the instructions of the assignment I thought it was going to be easy peasy. I thought wrong. I did this assignment with my boyfriend and my little sister. By the end of the assignment we both realized how important both verbal and nonverbal communication are.

·         What were the impressions of partners in the conversation? Did they alter their way of communicating with you because of your absence of symbolic communication? Describe.

Over all, all of my partner’s impressions were confused. It seemed more of a game than a conversation. They couldn’t figure out what I was trying to respond, then we would all just start laughing. After I just sat there and listened. My sister said it was like talking to a wall and my boyfriend said it was like talking to a robot.

·         Imagine that you and your partners in the conversation represent two different cultures meeting for the first time. Which culture has the advantage in communicating complex ideas? What attitudes might the speaking culture have toward the culture that does not use symbolic language? Identify individuals in our culture that have difficulty communicating with spoken language and explore how that affects how those who do speak interact with those individuals.

In my opinion the culture that has the advantage that has the advantage in communicating complex ideas is the culture that uses body language. It is much easier to understand how someone is feeling or reacting by their body language rather than their symbolic communication. Words are just words until emotion is put into them. The speaking culture may look down on the culture that does not use symbolic language. In our culture deaf individuals have difficulty communicating through spoken language because they haven’t herd the way the words are pronounced so it is difficult for them to pronounce it themselves, so they speak through sign language. This affects those who speak because in order to interact with that individual they cannot speak, they must use sign language. Or if they do speak to them it may be very difficult.

Part 2:

You were asked to spend 15 minutes communicating without any physical embellishments, i.e., no hand signals, not vocal intonation, not head, facial, or body movements.

·         Were you able to last for the full 15 minutes of using only speech for communicating? What made this experiment difficult for you?

This part of the assignment was extremely difficult for me! I was not able to last a whole 15 minutes without making a facial expression, moving my body, making hand gestures, or altering my voice. This was especially hard for me because I tend to talk with a lot of body movement, hand gestures, facial expressions, and I change the tone of my voice a lot. It was hard to stay still like a monotone robot.

·         How were your partners in this part of the experiment affected by your communication limitations? Explain. (5 pts)

My partners were affected by this part of the assignment because for one they couldn’t take me seriously. After we got over the laughter, my part of the conversation was very emotionless. With the absence of body movement, facial expressions, hand gestures, and vocal intonation, I would say a simple sentence and they wouldn’t be able to tell if it was happy, sad, or sarcastic.

·         What does this experiment say about our use of “signs” in our language, i.e., how important is non-speech language techniques in our ability to communicate effectively?

This experiment has really showed me how much I really use “signs” in my day to day conversations. I know I usually pay attention to body language, but I wasn’t really aware of how much I used it. When an individual uses facial expressions, hand gestures, body movements, and tone in voice, they can show emotion which helps the other person determine how they’re feeling.

·         Are there people who have difficulty reading body language? Describe the adaptive benefit to possessing the ability to read body language. Can you describe environmental conditions where there might be a benefit to not reading body language?

There are people who have difficulties with reading body language, some people even take classes to be better at reading body language. Also, I would imagine, visually impaired individuals would find it difficult to read body language because they cannot see the body movement or facial expressions. However they can hear their tone of voice so they are not at a complete disadvantage. The adaptive benefit to possessing the ability to read body language is an individual can tell when someone is lying, when someone is hiding something, when someone shows interest in another, you can determine so much through body language. An environmental condition where there might be a benefit to not reading body language is if you on the internet talking to someone, texting, any type of situation when individuals don’t see each other’s body language. Therefore these movements aren’t necessary.